CS4D2B: Discuss the relative importance of different types of nodes in resolving XPath expressions: Knowledge Engineering Assignment, TCD, Ireland

Question 1

(a) XPath is foundational to the success of XML. Discuss this statement. In your answer make reference to XPath’s role in XML standards, such as XSLT.

(b) Discuss the relative importance of different types of nodes in resolving XPath expressions. In your answer give examples of how XPath works with at least four different node types.

(c) Develop an XSD to describe a new XML vocabulary of your choosing, e.g. the composition of an orchestra (but please choose a different example!). The XSD should specify both elements and attributes. Element nesting and cardinality of some elements should also be included. Illustrate the use of as many features of XSD as you deem appropriate.

(d) Create an example XML document that is valid against your XSD (from part

(c)) that illustrates as many features as possible.

(e) Illustrate features of the XPATH specification, using at least four XPATH expressions. These expressions should be extract information from your XML document and should illustrate how different features, e.g. node types, predicates, axes, are used.

Question 2

(a) What is Resource Description Framework? Describe its origin, derivatives, and relative importance in realizing the Semantic Web.

(b) Model an Ontology that represents concepts and relationships derived and extended from the XSD created in Q1 (c). The Ontology should include appropriate classes (at least 10), their hierarchy, properties/relationships (both object and data; at least 15), and axioms (at least

2). Discuss the rationale behind your modeling of these. The Ontology may be created in Protégé or a similar tool. Screenshots should be used to illustrate your answer.

(c) Describe how object properties may be represented in Resource Description Framework using a snippet of RDF (XML Syntax).